A new global study led by Ifremer and the Université de Bretagne Occidentale has quantified for the first time the major contribution of pioneer (or “founder”) species to coastal biodiversity. Published in Biological Reviews, the research shows that habitats shaped by these species host on average 72% more biodiversity than sandy or rocky seabeds.

Architects of underwater ecosystems

Founder species such as corals, mangroves, seagrass beds and kelp forests play a crucial role in shaping coastal marine environments. By creating complex three-dimensional structures, they provide shelter, food and nursery habitats for a wide range of marine organisms, while also stabilising environmental conditions by reducing temperature fluctuations, acidification and wave energy.

To quantify their global contribution, the research team conducted a synthesis of 308 scientific studies. The results confirm that each pioneer species supports its own unique communities, reinforcing their irreplaceable role in maintaining diverse and resilient coastal ecosystems.

Increasing urgency for conservation and restoration

The study comes at a time of significant decline in these habitats. In 2025, 44% of reef-building coral species and 50% of mangrove ecosystems were listed on the IUCN Red List, highlighting the growing risks to biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.

By identifying 26 key physical and biological characteristics of pioneer species, the research provides valuable tools for coastal managers. These insights can support ecosystem restoration, guide the reintroduction of local species, and help design nature-inspired solutions for coastal protection and climate adaptation.

Conducted within the Trident project, supported by the French National Research Agency, the study offers new perspectives for anticipating ecosystem changes and strengthening the resilience of coastal environments in the face of global change.

Read more and the press release: here.

Photo Credits: Ifremer, Olivier Dugornay